Muscle soreness falls into two categories:
1.) One which you feel immediately
2.) One that has a delayed onset
Immediate Muscle Soreness
This is the “burning” sensation you feel during exercise and usually stops when the activity stops. It is caused by a buildup of metabolic waste products in the muscle and tissue (mostly lactic acid) and a lack of sufficient oxygen to the area.
Delayed Muscle Soreness
Starts 24 to 72 hours after an activity, the main reasons for this are thought to be:
1) Microscopic tears in the muscle or its connective tissue sheath (fascia) can cause inflammation and pain. Tears tend to occur in repetitive unaccustomed activity, jerky or bouncy movements or those that use eccentric contractions. Eccentric movements are those in which the load on a muscle is applied when it is lengthening rather than shortening. They occur in lowering weights, throwing and running downhill for example.
2.) Ischemia / spasm / pain cycle, a lack of sufficient oxygen (ischemia) and an accumulation of metabolic waste products in a muscle causes irritation and pain; this causes the muscle to go into spasm. This creates a cycle of irritation and pain that can perpetuate itself for a considerable time. Treatment modes such as Massage Therapy, Physiotherapy and Osteopathy (for example) seek to provide relief by interrupting this cycle through various methods.
INJURY AND MUSCLE SPLINTING
One of the body’s reflex mechanisms even to a limited amount of tissue damage is known as “muscle splinting”This happens when there is a direct transference of the sensory pain signals to the motor neurons (in the spinal cord) associated with the muscle cells in the area of injury.The reflex spinal relay stimulates the muscles surrounding the area to forcefully contract, thereby providing a mechanism to protect/support by ‘stiffening’ the injured area to discourage further movement and potential damage.
REFERRED PAIN AND MUSCLE SPASM
Pain from internal organs may be transposed in adjacent areas in the the spinal cord so that they seem to originate from areas of skin or muscles. Because of this confusion the actual source of the pain is ambiguous and can create muscle spasms which in turn create pains in addition to the ones from the initial visceral sources, sometimes creating a vicious circle.
A common example of this is; pain from a heart attack that ‘jumps over’ to an adjacent circuit so that it seems to emanate from the left arm or jaw instead.
TRIGGER POINTS
Are the evil trolls of myofascial disorders, small but very nasty and persistent.
A trigger point is defined as a focus of hyperirritability in a muscle or its fascia (connective tissue), it has a referral pattern of pain a rest or at motion that is specific for that muscle, prevents full lengthening of that muscle, is always tender and weakens the muscle.TP’s can occur in a single area or in clusters can be active or dormant and are chronic in nature. They can be difficult and painful to treat.







